Th Circulatory System
We have learned that the digestive system breaks down complex food to simpler forms for cell absorption. Meaning food provides cell with energy in order for them to do their functions. However, how does this food reaches the cells in the different parts of our body? Circulation, specifically, the cardiovascular circulation will explain this question.
Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is composed of three main components: the heart, blood, and the blood vessels.
The Heart
The heart is a powerful muscular organ consisting of cardiac muscles that contract and relaxes involuntarily and alternately called cardiac cycle or heart beat. But why is heart beating? The electrical impulse in SA (sinoatrial) node in the right atrium spreads through the walls of the atria causing them to contract while controlling the heart rate, aided by the impulses brought by the autonomous nervous system. Where are these atria? Our heart has four chambers, the left and right atria that can be found in the upper part of the heart, and left and right ventricle that can be found in the lower part of the heart. The left and right chambers are completely separated by a membrane called septum. On the other hand, while atria are responsible for the heart's contraction, the ventricles are responsible for pumping blood to the pulmonary circuits and systemic circuits. A pulmonary circuit transports blood between the heart and the lungs while systemic circuit transport blood between the heart and the dif
ferent parts of the body.
The Blood
The blood is the fluid part of the cardiovascular system. It consist of erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC), leucocytes or white blood cells (WBC), and thrombocytes or platelets.
-RBC, are concave disk like shape cells. It does not have nuclei (prokaryotic) but it has hemoglobin carrying iron which holds oxygen and carbon dioxide as its primary function. The RBC can live from 30 - 120 days before they are destroyed and recycled in the spleen. Did you know where RBC comes from? RBC is produced in the red marrow of the bone marrow.
-WBC, is cells bigger than RBC. They have no regular shape but they have nuclei (eukaryotic), which enables them to change their shape in order to move through capillaries and fight to foreign bodies. There are five kinds of WBC, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. They attack foreign cells differently like sending chemicals, antibodies, or directly digesting it.
-Platelets, are responsible for blood clotting that prevents the blood from flowing out. They make nets called clots to block a rupture from any of the blood vessel, which causes bleeding.
-Plasma, is the 55% part of the blood consisting of 90% water and 10% comprising dissolved salts, proteins, nutrients and other substances. Its primary functions are to deliver the 10% materials to any targeted cells.
The Blood Vessel
The blood vessel is the passageway of the blood. It has three main parts: the artery, veins and capillaries.
-Arteries, are the thickest and most elastic blood vessels which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
-Veins, are thinner than the arteries which carries deoxygenated blood to the heart except the pulmonary veins.
-Capillaries, are the smallest blood vessel where diffusion of blood supply takes place.
The Circulation of Blood
Used blood carriers or deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior and interior vena cavas. The blood is then transported to the contracting right atrium. After that, the blood is pumped to the right ventricle. The blood is then pumped to the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Upon entering the lungs, the blood releases carbon dioxide in exchange of oxygen. When the blood became oxygenated in the lungs, the bright-red rich-oxygenated blood reinters the heart through the pulmonary veins where it enters the involuntarily contracting left atria. After that, blood is then transported to the left ventricle where it is transported to the aortic arch. The aortic arch, which is the largest artery transport blood to his smaller branches called arterioles where it connects to the smaller capillaries. When the blood enters the capillaries, nutrients and oxygen diffused to interstitial fluid. As a byproduct, the cells will receive the diffused materials in exchanged of carbon dioxide and waste products. Excess blood plasma will be lost in this process only to be transported to other system. And when the blood receives the carbon dioxide in the capillaries, it will then flow to the smallest veins only to be united in the largest veins in the heart or the vena cava to repeat the process.
The Lymphatic System
WBC seems to be the soldiers of the body that defends against foreign invaders. They can be found in the blood but many of WBC is in the lymphatic system which circulates lymph throughout the body.
The lymphatic system is associated with cardiovascular system but it is actually a part of the immune system. This system collects lymph from the body. Lymph is excess blood plasma that contributed to the diffusion of biochemical respiration. (Ad: from J-Chatters)They travel through the lymph vessels to the lymph nodes where they are filtered before mixing back with the blood. They flow to thoraic duct through bodily movement and breathing.
The major components of lymphatic system
Lymph is the fluid that circulates in lymph vessels, which forms when blood plasma drain into lymphatic system.
Lymph vessels, carrier of lymph
Lymph nodes are bean-shaped glands that produce lymphocytes, filter harmful substances and contain macrophages.
Thymus - located between the ****** bone and the heart which is responsible for T-cell maturation.
Spleen - filters blood and disposes worn out red blood cells.
Respiration
Respiration refers to the exchange of gasses in our body aided a system of organs. It starts when we breathe air. Air enters our body through the mouth or nose to different airways. This airways transport air to the lungs. As they branch out, these airways became smaller and smaller and eventually connect to small sacs where fresh oxygen from the air is exchanged to the carbon dioxide in the blood. The blood then carries this oxygen to the different parts of our body to be used in order to produce energy.
The organs that aided respiration inside our bodies are the trachea that starts behind the throat, down below to the bronchi that split the trachea to feed the lungs, the bronchioles that branches the bronchi out, and the alveoli where the exchange of gasses takes place.
In the physiological definition of respiration, it refers to the exchange of gasses from the body to the external environment. It starts when we breathe air going down to the trachea, to the bronchi, to the bronchus, and the alveoli where blood then brings the oxygen to the cells within tissues. When the oxygen reaches the cells, biochemical respiration occurs. Biochemical respiration refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the cells and the RBC. The oxygen is harvested in the RBC to react glucose in order to produce water, carbon dioxide, and 38 Adenosine triposphate or ATP molecules or energy. After that the biochemical process ends after the carbon within the cells is brought to the RBC. The physiological respiration then continues in reverse action, from the blood, to the alveoli, to the bronchioles, to the bronchi, to the trachea, and finally to the external world, which marks the ends of a cycle physiological respiration. Obviously, our bodies will continue to repeat the process.
Respiration refers to the act of breathing or the act of inhaling and exhaling, and ventilation. Ventilation and breathing are both hyponyms of respiration. We could say that a person has a normal breathing, which refers to inhaling and exhaling of air, however he has poor ventilation, which refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In this case, one should need instruments to aid his respiration.
This is my original report in school. Subject: Biology.
We have learned that the digestive system breaks down complex food to simpler forms for cell absorption. Meaning food provides cell with energy in order for them to do their functions. However, how does this food reaches the cells in the different parts of our body? Circulation, specifically, the cardiovascular circulation will explain this question.
Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is composed of three main components: the heart, blood, and the blood vessels.
The Heart
The heart is a powerful muscular organ consisting of cardiac muscles that contract and relaxes involuntarily and alternately called cardiac cycle or heart beat. But why is heart beating? The electrical impulse in SA (sinoatrial) node in the right atrium spreads through the walls of the atria causing them to contract while controlling the heart rate, aided by the impulses brought by the autonomous nervous system. Where are these atria? Our heart has four chambers, the left and right atria that can be found in the upper part of the heart, and left and right ventricle that can be found in the lower part of the heart. The left and right chambers are completely separated by a membrane called septum. On the other hand, while atria are responsible for the heart's contraction, the ventricles are responsible for pumping blood to the pulmonary circuits and systemic circuits. A pulmonary circuit transports blood between the heart and the lungs while systemic circuit transport blood between the heart and the dif
ferent parts of the body.
The Blood
The blood is the fluid part of the cardiovascular system. It consist of erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC), leucocytes or white blood cells (WBC), and thrombocytes or platelets.
-RBC, are concave disk like shape cells. It does not have nuclei (prokaryotic) but it has hemoglobin carrying iron which holds oxygen and carbon dioxide as its primary function. The RBC can live from 30 - 120 days before they are destroyed and recycled in the spleen. Did you know where RBC comes from? RBC is produced in the red marrow of the bone marrow.
-WBC, is cells bigger than RBC. They have no regular shape but they have nuclei (eukaryotic), which enables them to change their shape in order to move through capillaries and fight to foreign bodies. There are five kinds of WBC, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. They attack foreign cells differently like sending chemicals, antibodies, or directly digesting it.
-Platelets, are responsible for blood clotting that prevents the blood from flowing out. They make nets called clots to block a rupture from any of the blood vessel, which causes bleeding.
-Plasma, is the 55% part of the blood consisting of 90% water and 10% comprising dissolved salts, proteins, nutrients and other substances. Its primary functions are to deliver the 10% materials to any targeted cells.
The Blood Vessel
The blood vessel is the passageway of the blood. It has three main parts: the artery, veins and capillaries.
-Arteries, are the thickest and most elastic blood vessels which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
-Veins, are thinner than the arteries which carries deoxygenated blood to the heart except the pulmonary veins.
-Capillaries, are the smallest blood vessel where diffusion of blood supply takes place.
The Circulation of Blood
Used blood carriers or deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior and interior vena cavas. The blood is then transported to the contracting right atrium. After that, the blood is pumped to the right ventricle. The blood is then pumped to the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Upon entering the lungs, the blood releases carbon dioxide in exchange of oxygen. When the blood became oxygenated in the lungs, the bright-red rich-oxygenated blood reinters the heart through the pulmonary veins where it enters the involuntarily contracting left atria. After that, blood is then transported to the left ventricle where it is transported to the aortic arch. The aortic arch, which is the largest artery transport blood to his smaller branches called arterioles where it connects to the smaller capillaries. When the blood enters the capillaries, nutrients and oxygen diffused to interstitial fluid. As a byproduct, the cells will receive the diffused materials in exchanged of carbon dioxide and waste products. Excess blood plasma will be lost in this process only to be transported to other system. And when the blood receives the carbon dioxide in the capillaries, it will then flow to the smallest veins only to be united in the largest veins in the heart or the vena cava to repeat the process.
The Lymphatic System
WBC seems to be the soldiers of the body that defends against foreign invaders. They can be found in the blood but many of WBC is in the lymphatic system which circulates lymph throughout the body.
The lymphatic system is associated with cardiovascular system but it is actually a part of the immune system. This system collects lymph from the body. Lymph is excess blood plasma that contributed to the diffusion of biochemical respiration. (Ad: from J-Chatters)They travel through the lymph vessels to the lymph nodes where they are filtered before mixing back with the blood. They flow to thoraic duct through bodily movement and breathing.
The major components of lymphatic system
Lymph is the fluid that circulates in lymph vessels, which forms when blood plasma drain into lymphatic system.
Lymph vessels, carrier of lymph
Lymph nodes are bean-shaped glands that produce lymphocytes, filter harmful substances and contain macrophages.
Thymus - located between the ****** bone and the heart which is responsible for T-cell maturation.
Spleen - filters blood and disposes worn out red blood cells.
Respiration
Respiration refers to the exchange of gasses in our body aided a system of organs. It starts when we breathe air. Air enters our body through the mouth or nose to different airways. This airways transport air to the lungs. As they branch out, these airways became smaller and smaller and eventually connect to small sacs where fresh oxygen from the air is exchanged to the carbon dioxide in the blood. The blood then carries this oxygen to the different parts of our body to be used in order to produce energy.
The organs that aided respiration inside our bodies are the trachea that starts behind the throat, down below to the bronchi that split the trachea to feed the lungs, the bronchioles that branches the bronchi out, and the alveoli where the exchange of gasses takes place.
In the physiological definition of respiration, it refers to the exchange of gasses from the body to the external environment. It starts when we breathe air going down to the trachea, to the bronchi, to the bronchus, and the alveoli where blood then brings the oxygen to the cells within tissues. When the oxygen reaches the cells, biochemical respiration occurs. Biochemical respiration refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the cells and the RBC. The oxygen is harvested in the RBC to react glucose in order to produce water, carbon dioxide, and 38 Adenosine triposphate or ATP molecules or energy. After that the biochemical process ends after the carbon within the cells is brought to the RBC. The physiological respiration then continues in reverse action, from the blood, to the alveoli, to the bronchioles, to the bronchi, to the trachea, and finally to the external world, which marks the ends of a cycle physiological respiration. Obviously, our bodies will continue to repeat the process.
Respiration refers to the act of breathing or the act of inhaling and exhaling, and ventilation. Ventilation and breathing are both hyponyms of respiration. We could say that a person has a normal breathing, which refers to inhaling and exhaling of air, however he has poor ventilation, which refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In this case, one should need instruments to aid his respiration.
This is my original report in school. Subject: Biology.