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Cocobolo Wood
Wide color range including yellow, red, purple, and more
Scientific Name: Dalbergia retusa
Common Uses: Ornamental carvings and fine furniture
Cocobolo (also known as Dalbergia retusa), can cost $9 or more per pound. Like other types of wood on this list, Cocobolo is threatened by over-consumption. The wood is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, an organization tracking the threat of extinction among a variety of species.
Cocobolo’s vulnerable status makes it expensive, but so does the tree’s difficult harvesting method. According to a report, the wood has to be harvested by hand to be sustainable, but some organizations suggest the tree is too threatened to be harvested at all.However, this wood can still be found for sale in many countries and online — and it’s usually very expensive. One listing offers a 57-pound slab for more than $560.Cocobolo (sometimes called black rosewood) has a high oil content, which sometimes makes it difficult to use glue while working with the wood.
Koa Wood
Typically golden or reddish-brown
Scientific Name: Acacia koa
Common Uses: Everything from furniture to gunstocks and musical instruments
Koa wood is a common part of the Hawaiian landscape and an important part of the islands’ culture. While the wood isn’t endangered, some reports say the harvesting process has been mismanaged to the point that local artisans are losing control over their craft.Prices vary, but this wood often sells for about $15 per board foot.Historically, koa was used by native Hawaiians for everything from weapons to canoes. Since the wood was so plentiful on the islands, people regularly used koa to make bowls called umeke.The word koa closely translates to warrior. Since Hawaiian warriors often used wood to make weapons, the word koa became synonymous with wood from the Acacia koa tree.
Holly Wood
Pale with very little grain
Scientific Name: Ilex opaca
Common Uses: Inlays, furniture, and piano keys
Holly wood, also called Ilex opaca, is sometimes labeled the “whitest” of all woods. The wood is often used for piano keys (in which case it’s dyed black) and for a variety of furniture projects.Holly wood isn’t endangered, but the tree grows very slowly — so sellers tend to markup the price pretty high. In some cases, this expensive wood can go for as much as $35 per board foot.The tree grows throughout the Eastern United States, reaching heights of 30-50 feet and measuring about 1-2 feet in trunk diameter.This wood tends to have very little visible grain, but it does have a lot of knots. That can make working with holly wood difficult, but the material is still regularly used for decorative wood details in things like furniture and novelty items.
Ziricote
Medium to dark brown
Scientific Name: Cordia dodecandra
Common Uses: Furniture and cabinetry
Ziricote easily sells for $70 per pound. The wood is commonly found in Central America and Mexico, with the tree sometimes growing taller than 60 feet. Also called Cordia dodecandra, this wood shows a distinct, wavy pattern and sometimes features a purplish hue.
Although this wood isn’t endangered, it is relatively rare, which drives up the price. The wood is also high-density, making it easier to work with and a popular choice for wood furniture and musical instruments.
Ziricote’s unique grain pattern also contributes to the wood’s price. Although Brazilian Rosewood looks similar, it’s difficult to find affordable alternatives that offer the same look and feel as ziricote.
Sandalwood
Tan, brown, and white
Scientific Name: Santalum album
Common Uses: Ornamental objects, medicine, perfumes, and food
Indian sandalwood is probably one of the most versatile woods out there. The material is regularly used for decorative carvings, added to perfumes, and even mixed in food as a spice.
Sandalwood has maintained high demand across the globe for years, which pushes up the price. The wood has been the subject of international trade since the 19th century when European traders sold it to Buddhist temples in China.
Also called Santalum album, sandalwood can fetch more than $100 per pound.Sandalwood trees are sometimes divided into categories depending on a few quality factors. One category, known as Plus Trees, is defined by the wood’s high oil content, which may make it well-suited for adding the plant’s signature smell to perfumes.
Pink Ivory
Ranging from brownish red to almost neon pink
Scientific Name: Berchemia zeyheri
Common Uses: Carvings, billiard cues, and novelty objects
Also called Berchemia zyheri, this wood stands out with a pink hue that ranges from a brownish red to a bright, nearly neon pink. The novel color plays a big role in the wood’s high price, but so does scarcity.
Ebony
Black
Scientific Name: Diospyros crassiflora
Common Uses: Small ornamental items
With a typical price tag of $100 per board foot, ebony is one of the most expensive woods in the world. There are several types of ebony, but African ebony is one of the rarest. In fact, the African ebony tree population has decreased by 50% over the last three generations due to harvest exploitation.
Ebony is known for its dark coloring, but the wood also features a notably fine grain texture. Although the wood is typically used to carve ornamental objects, some reports suggest it has medicinal applications, including anti-fungal anti-inflammatory properties. The wood may also have benefits for people with diabetes.
Brazilian Rosewood
Chocolate brown to purplish or reddish-brown
Scientific Name: Dalbergia nigra
Common Uses: Veneer, fine furniture, and musical instruments
Brazilian rosewood has a distinct reddish hue and uniform grain. The beautiful color makes it a popular choice for fine furniture and musical instruments, but restrictions on harvesting due to the threat of endangerment make this wood a very expensive material.
In many cases, Brazilian rosewood sells for more than $300 per pound — but that price can climb even higher.
Also called Dalbergia nigra, Brazilian rosewood trees can grow more than 100 feet tall. Interestingly, the tree might release a rose-like scent when cut.
African Blackwood
Black
Scientific Name: Dalbergia melanoxylon
Common Uses: Mystical instruments and ornamental objects
one of the rarest — mostly due to over-consumption and habitat loss caused by humans. This means the Dalbergia melanoxylon tree could become endangered or extinct in the near future.
Although it shares characteristics with African ebony, African blackwood is a different species. The wood is a very popular choice for making musical instruments, but over-harvesting threatens that practice.
Because of its scarcity and restriction on harvesting, African blackwood can easily cost $13,000 per cubic square meter.It is also one of the hardest and densest woods in the world.
-rarest.org
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