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Question: Five Bus System Homework Assignment Thanks to Prof Chen-Ching Liu and Ph.D. Candidate Madeleine G...
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the program that is needed to do the work is power world
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. MAIN MENU
=========
1 LOAD THE PSF 8 DATA VERIFICATIO
2 IMPORTING UTILITIES 9 LIMIT CHECKS
3 INPUT DATA PROCESSING 10 SENSITIVITY FACTORS
4 STUDY PREPARATION UTILITIES 11 EXPORTING UTILITIES
5 POWER FLOW SOLUTION 12 CLOSE THE PSF
6 NETWORK REDUCTION 13 QUIT
7 POWER FLOW SOLUTION REPORTING
ENTER MENU CHOICE: 5 * POWER FLOW SOLUTION *
=============================
1 AUTOMATIC SOLUTION
2 FAST DECOUPLED (XB)
3 NEWTON RAPHSON
4 FAST DECOUPLED (BX)
5 LOCALIZED SOLUTION (FD XB)
6 DC POWER FLOW SOLUTION
7 POWER FLOW SOLUTION OPTIONS
ITEM #, EXIT 3 * START OF NEWTON RAPHSON ITERATIONS *
ITERATION : 1 NEWTON RAPHSON UNSOLVED ABSOLUTE ERROR
-------------- BUS WITH LARGEST ERROR ------------ BUSES SUMMATION
P(P.U. MW) 0.000375 ( 30 BUS 3138. ) 0 0.0017
V(RADIANS) 0.000179 ( 70 BUS 7138. ) 8 0.0016
Q(P.U. MVAR) 0.001873 ( 120 BUS 12230. ) 0 0.0078
V(P.U. KV) 0.000210 ( 30 BUS 3138. ) 3 0.0009
ITERATION : 2 NEWTON RAPHSON UNSOLVED ABSOLUTE ERROR
-------------- BUS WITH LARGEST ERROR ------------ BUSES SUMMATION
P(P.U. MW) 0.000006 ( 160 BUS 16230. ) 0 0.0000
Q(P.U. MVAR) -0.000008 ( 170 BUS 17230. ) 0 0.0000 * POWER FLOW SOLUTION IS REACHED IN 2 ITERATIONS *
2. MAIN MENU
=========
1 LOAD THE PSF 8 DATA VERIFICATION
2 IMPORTING UTILITIES 9 LIMIT CHECKS
3 INPUT DATA PROCESSING 10 SENSITIVITY FACTORS
4 STUDY PREPARATION UTILITIES 11 EXPORTING UTILITIES
5 POWER FLOW SOLUTION 12 CLOSE THE PSF
6 NETWORK REDUCTION 13 QUIT
7 POWER FLOW SOLUTION REPORTING
ENTER MENU CHOICE: 9
** LOAD FLOW SOLUTION LIMIT CHECK **
====================================
1 OVERLOADED LINES OR TRANSFORMERS
2 CONTROL PARAMETERS VIOLATION
3 BUS VOLTAGE OUTSIDE SPECIFIED BAND
4 LINES ACROSS WHICH THE ANGLE EXCEEDS THE SPECIFIED VALUE
5 CHECK FOR ALL LIMITS AND VIOLATIONS
6 SORT OPTIONS
ITEM #, SPECIFY SUBSYSTEM, EXIT 1
ALL LINES TRANSFORMERS: A * LOAD FLOW SOLUTION LIMIT CHECK *
1 OVERLOADED BRANCHES RATING GROUP = 1 % LOADING = 100.0
<----- FROM BUS -----> <------ TO BUS ------> MVA MVA PERCENT
NUMBER NAME NUMBER NAME CKT LOADING RATING LOADING
====== ================ ====== ================ ======== ======= ====== =======
60 BUS 6138. 100 BUS 10138. 1 175.4 175.0 100.22
3. ** LOAD FLOW SOLUTION LIMIT CHECK **
====================================
1 OVERLOADED LINES OR TRANSFORMERS
2 CONTROL PARAMETERS VIOLATION
3 BUS VOLTAGE OUTSIDE SPECIFIED BAND
4 LINES ACROSS WHICH THE ANGLE EXCEEDS THE SPECIFIED VALUE
5 CHECK FOR ALL LIMITS AND VIOLATIONS
6 SORT OPTIONS
ITEM #, SPECIFY SUBSYSTEM, EXIT 3
HI VOLTAGE LIMIT LO VOLTAGE LIMIT: L
ENTER VALUE IN PU: .99 * LOAD FLOW SOLUTION LIMIT CHECK *
4 BUSES WITH V < 0.990
<-------- BUS --------> <-- VOLTAGE -->
NUMBER NAME TYPE BASE KV MAG ANGLE AREA ZONE OWNER ID
====== ================ ==== ======= ======= ======= ==== ==== ================
30 BUS 3138. 1 138.00 0.9868 -26.02 10 1 BLANK
40 BUS 4138. 1 138.00 0.9888 -20.27 10 1 BLANK
90 BUS 9138. 1 138.00 0.9824 -15.83 10 1 BLANK
120 BUS 12230. 1 230.00 0.9876 -4.73 10 1 BLANK
UP DOWN SCREEN DUMP LIST TO FILE CHANGE RATING EXIT : e
4. MAIN MENU
=========
1 LOAD THE PSF 8 DATA VERIFICATION
2 IMPORTING UTILITIES 9 LIMIT CHECKS
3 INPUT DATA PROCESSING 10 SENSITIVITY FACTORS
4 STUDY PREPARATION UTILITIES 11 EXPORTING UTILITIES
5 POWER FLOW SOLUTION 12 CLOSE THE PSF
6 NETWORK REDUCTION 13 QUIT
7 POWER FLOW SOLUTION REPORTING
ENTER MENU CHOICE: 7
** LOAD FLOW SOLUTION REPORTING **
==================================
1 MISMATCH SUMMARY 11 ULTC/PS SUMMARY
2 SUBSYSTEM SUMMARY 12 SERIES COMPENSATORS
3 BUS SHUNT DATA 13 POWER FLOW SUMMARY
4 PLANT DATA 14 SECTIONALIZED BRANCHES
5 MACHINE DATA 15 STATIC TAP CHANGERS / PHASE SHIFTERS
6 AREA INTERCHANGE DATA 16 THREE WINDING TRANSFORMERS
7 TIE LINE FLOWS 17 INTERFACE FLOWS
8 BUS FLOWS 18 VOLTAGE PROFILE
9 DC CONVERTERS 19 SORT OPTIONS
10 DC FLOWS
ITEM #, SPECIFY SUBSYSTEM, EXIT 8
SUBSYSTEM BUSES PICK BUSES EXIT: p
ENTER BUS LIST FILE NAME OR BUSES TO INCLUDE OR EXCLUDE
* SOLUTION REPORTING - BUS FLOWS *
BUS: 60 BUS 6138.
VOLTAGE : 1.0017 PU ( 138.2 kV) -20.67
BUS NUM NAME AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA TAP
======== ================ ==== ======== ======== ======== = ======== ========
LOAD 136.00 28.00 138.85
SW SHUNT 0.00 100.33 100.33
TO 100 BUS 10138. 10 1 -128.63 -107.64 167.73
TO 20 BUS 2138. 10 1 -7.37 -20.69 21.96
UP DOWN NEXT BUS PREVIOUS BUS SCREEN DUMP LIST TO FILE EXIT : e
SUBSYSTEM BUSES PICK BUSES EXIT: p
ENTER BUS LIST FILE NAME OR BUSES TO INCLUDE OR EXCLUDE
* SOLUTION REPORTING - BUS FLOWS *
BUS: 100 BUS 10138.
VOLTAGE : 1.0132 PU ( 139.8 kV) -16.15
BUS NUM NAME AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA TAP
======== ================ ==== ======== ======== ======== = ======== ========
LOAD 195.00 40.00 199.06
TO 120 BUS 12230. 10 1 -234.48 60.92 242.27 1.0000LK
TO 110 BUS 11230. 10 1 -235.99 52.21 241.70 1.0000LK
TO 80 BUS 8138. 10 1 69.77 -3.74 69.87
TO 60 BUS 6138. 10 1 130.95 -131.80 185.80
TO 50 BUS 5138. 10 1 74.76 -17.59 76.80
UP DOWN NEXT BUS PREVIOUS BUS SCREEN DUMP LIST TO FILE EXIT : e
5. ** LOAD FLOW SOLUTION REPORTING **
==================================
1 MISMATCH SUMMARY 11 ULTC/PS SUMMARY
2 SUBSYSTEM SUMMARY 12 SERIES COMPENSATORS
3 BUS SHUNT DATA 13 POWER FLOW SUMMARY
4 PLANT DATA 14 SECTIONALIZED BRANCHES
5 MACHINE DATA 15 STATIC TAP CHANGERS / PHASE SHIFTERS
6 AREA INTERCHANGE DATA 16 THREE WINDING TRANSFORMERS
7 TIE LINE FLOWS 17 INTERFACE FLOWS
8 BUS FLOWS 18 VOLTAGE PROFILE
9 DC CONVERTERS 19 SORT OPTIONS
10 DC FLOWS
ITEM #, SPECIFY SUBSYSTEM, EXIT 4 * SOLUTION REPORTING - PLANT DATA *
=======================================
1 ALL PLANTS
2 ON LINE PLANTS
3 PLANTS AT VAR LIMIT WITH UNEQUAL VAR LIMITS
4 PLANTS WITH UNSCHEDULED REACTIVE POWER
5 PLANTS CONTROLLING A REMOTE BUS
6 PLANTS WITH RESERVE REACTIVE POWER
ITEM #, EXIT 1 * SOLUTION REPORTING *
10 PLANTS
PLANT BUS MACHINES
NUM NAME TYPE I/S O/S MW MVAR QMAX QMIN
======== ================ ==== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
R 10 BUS 1138. 2 4 0 134.70 41.53 280.00 -50.00
R 20 BUS 2138. 2 4 0 187.00 30.50 140.00 -100.00
R 70 BUS 7138. 2 3 0 165.00 91.63 280.00 0.00
R 130 BUS 13230. 3 3 0 337.53 170.64 540.00 -300.00
R 150 BUS 15230. 2 6 0 185.00 40.36 310.00 -55.00
R 160 BUS 16230. 2 1 0 155.00 106.41 280.00 -55.00
R 180 BUS 18230. 2 1 0 400.00 100.73 200.00 -90.00
R 210 BUS 21230. 2 1 0 400.00 25.25 200.00 -90.00
R 220 BUS 22230. 2 6 0 300.00 -80.55 696.00 -560.00
R 230 BUS 23230. 2 3 0 660.00 33.34 310.00 -125.00
UP DOWN OTHER SCREEN SCREEN DUMP LIST TO FILE EXIT :e
CODES: 1.) CODE FOR TAKING BUS DATA
(busdata.m)
% Returns Initial Bus datas of the system... function busdt = busdatas() % Type.... %
1 - Slack Bus.. % 2 - PV Bus.. % 3 - PQ Bus.. % |Bus | Type | Vsp | theta | PGi | QGi | PLi | QLi |
busdat14 = [1 1 1.00 0 0 0 100 0 ; 2 2 1.01 0 250 0 200 100 ; 3 3 1.00 0 0 0 300 100 ;]; busdt = busdat14; 2.) CODE FOR TAKING LINE DATA
(linedatas.m) % Returns Line datas of the system... function linedt = linedatas() % | From | To | R | X | B/2 | % | Bus | Bus | pu | pu | pu |
linedat14 = [1 2 0.01 0.05 0 1 3 0.015 0.05 0 2 3 0.015 0.05 0 ]; linedt = linedat14;
3.) CODE FOR BUILDING Y-BUS MATRIX (ybusmatrix.m)
Program to for Admittance And Impedance Bus Formation....
function Y = ybusmatrix() % Returns Y
linedata = linedatas(); % Calling Linedatas..
. fb = linedata,1); % From bus number..
. tb = linedata,2); % To bus number...
r = linedata,3); % Resistance, R...
x = linedata,4); % Reactance, X..
b = linedata,5); % Ground Admittance
, B/2... z = r + i*x; % z matrix..
. y = 1./z; % To get inverse of each element..
. b = i*b;% Make B imaginary...
nb = max(max(fb),max(tb)); % No. of buses...
nl = length(fb); % No. of branches..
. Y = zeros(nb,nb); % Initialise YBus... % Formation of the Off Diagonal Elements... for
k = 1:nl Y(fb(k),tb(k)) = Y(fb(k),tb(k)) - y(k); Y(tb(k),fb(k)) = Y(fb(k),tb(k));
end %
Formation of Diagonal Elements.... for m = 1:nb
for n = 1:nl
if fb == m Y(m,m) = Y(m,m) + y + b;
elseif
tb == m Y(m,m) = Y(m,m) + y + b;
end
end
end
%Y; % Bus Admittance Matrix %
Z = inv(Y); % Bus Impedance Matrix
4.) CODE FOR THE NEWTON-RAPHSON ITERATIONS (main.m) %
Program for Newton-Raphson Load Flow Analysis..
nbus=3; Y = ybusmatrix(); % Calling ybusmatrix.m to get Y-Bus Matrix..
busd = busdatas(); % Calling busdatas..
BMva = 100; % Base MVA..
bus = busd,1); % Bus Number..
type = busd,2); % Type of Bus 1-Slack, 2-PV, 3-PQ..
V = busd,3); % Specified Voltage..
del = busd,4); % Voltage Angle..
Pg = busd,5)/BMva; % PGi..
Qg = busd,6)/BMva; % QGi..
Pl = busd,7)/BMva; % PLi..
Ql = busd,8)/BMva; % QLi..
P = Pg - Pl; % Pi = PGi - PLi..
Q = Qg - Ql; % Qi = QGi - QLi..
Psp = P; % P Specified..
Qsp = Q; % Q Specified..
G = real(Y); % Conductance matrix..
B = imag(Y); % Susceptance matrix..
pv = find(type == 2 | type == 1); % PV Buses.
. pq = find(type == 3); % PQ Buses.
. npv = length(pv); % No. of PV buses..
npq = length(pq); % No. of PQ buses.. T
ol = 1; Iter = 1;
while (Tol > 1e-5) % Iteration starting..
P = zeros(nbus,1);
Q = zeros(nbus,1); % Calculate P and Q for i = 1:nbus
for k = 1:nbus
P(i) = P(i) + V(i)* V(k)*(G(i,k)*cos(del(i)-del(k)) + B(i,k)*sin(del(i)-del(k)));
Q(i) = Q(i) + V(i)* V(k)*(G(i,k)*sin(del(i)-del(k)) - B(i,k)*cos(del(i)-del(k)));
end
end
% Calculate change from specified value
dPa = Psp-P;
dQa = Qsp-Q; k = 1;
dQ = zeros(npq,1);
for i = 1:nbus
if type(i) == 3 dQ(k,1) = dQa(i);
k = k+1; end
end
dP = dPa(2:nbus);
M = [dP; dQ]; % Mismatch Vector % Jacobian % J1 - Derivative of Real Power Injections with Angles..
J1 = zeros(nbus-1,nbus-1);
for i = 1nbus-1)
m = i+1;
for k = 1nbus-1)
n = k+1;
if n == m for n = 1:nbus
J1(i,k) = J1(i,k) + V(m)* V*(-G(m,n)*sin(del(m)- del) + B(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del));
end
J1(i,k) = J1(i,k) - V(m)^2*B(m,m);
else J1(i,k) = V(m)* V*(G(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del) - B(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del));
end
end
end
% J2 - Derivative of Real Power Injections with V..
J2 = zeros(nbus-1,npq);
for i = 1nbus-1) m = i+1;
for k = 1:npq n = pq(k);
if n == m for n = 1:nbus
J2(i,k) = J2(i,k) + V*(G(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del) + B(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del));
end
J2(i,k) = J2(i,k) + V(m)*G(m,m);
else
J2(i,k) = V(m)*(G(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del) + B(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del));
end
end
end
% J3 - Derivative of Reactive Power Injections with Angles.. J3 = zeros(npq,nbus-1); for i = 1:npq m = pq(i);
for k = 1nbus-1) n = k+1;
if n == m for n = 1:nbus
J3(i,k) = J3(i,k) + V(m)* V*(G(m,n)*cos(del(m)- del) + B(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del));
end
J3(i,k) = J3(i,k) - V(m)^2*G(m,m); else J3(i,k) = V(m)* V*(-G(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del) - B(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del));
end
end
end
% J4 - Derivative of Reactive Power Injections with V..
J4 = zeros(npq,npq);
for i = 1:npq
m = pq(i);
for k = 1:npq n = pq(k);
if n == m
for n = 1:nbus
J4(i,k) = J4(i,k) + V*(G(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del) - B(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del));
end
J4(i,k) = J4(i,k) - V(m)*B(m,m);
else J4(i,k) = V(m)*(G(m,n)*sin(del(m)-del) - B(m,n)*cos(del(m)-del));
end
end
end
J = [J1 J2; J3 J4]; % Jacobian Matrix..
X = inv(J)*M; % Correction Vector
dTh = X(1:nbus-1); % Change in Voltage Angle..
dV = X(nbus:end); % Change in Voltage Magnitude..
% Updating State Vectors..
del(2:nbus) = dTh + del(2:nbus); % Voltage Angle..
k = 1;
for i = 2:nbus
if type(i) == 3 V(i) = dV(k) + V(i); % Voltage Magnitude..
k = k+1;
end
end
Iter = Iter + 1;
Tol = max(abs(M)); % Tolerance..
end
loadflow(nbus,V,del,BMva); % Calling Loadflow.m..
5.) CODE FOR THE PRINTING THE LOADFLOW SOLUTION (loadflow.m)
% Program for Bus Power Injections, Line & Power flows (p.u)...
function [Pi Qi Pg Qg Pl Ql] = loadflow(nb,V,del,BMva) Y = ybusmatrix(); % Calling Ybus program..
lined = linedatas(); % Get linedats..
busd = busdatas(); % Get busdatas.
. Vm = pol2rect(V,del); % Converting polar to rectangular.
. Del = 180/pi*del; % Bus Voltage Angles in Degree...
fb = lined,1); % From bus number..
. tb = lined,2); % To bus number...
nl = length(fb); % No. of Branches..
Pl = busd,7); %
PLi.. Ql = busd,8); %
QLi.. Iij = zeros(nb,nb);
Sij = zeros(nb,nb);
Si = zeros(nb,1); % Bus Current Injections..
I = Y*Vm; Im = abs(I);
Ia = angle(I); %Line Current Flows..
for m = 1:nl
p = fb(m);
q = tb(m);
Iij(p,q) = -(Vm(p) - Vm(q))*Y(p,q);%
Y(m,n) = -y(m,n).. Iij(q,p) = -Iij(p,q);
end Iij = sparse(Iij);
Iijm = abs(Iij);
Iija = angle(Iij);
% Line Power Flows..
for m = 1:nb
for n = 1:nb
if m ~= n Sij(m,n) = Vm(m)*conj(Iij(m,n))*BMva;
end
end
end
Sij = sparse(Sij);
Pij = real(Sij);
Qij = imag(Sij); % Line Losses..
Lij = zeros(nl,1); for m = 1:nl
p = fb(m); q = tb(m); Lij(m) = Sij(p,q) + Sij(q,p); end Page | 19 Lpij = real(Lij); Lqij = imag(Lij); % Bus Power Injections.. for i = 1:nb for k = 1:nb Si(i) = Si(i) + conj(Vm(i))* Vm(k)*Y(i,k)*BMva; end end Pi = real(Si); Qi = -imag(Si); Pg = Pi+Pl; Qg = Qi+Ql; disp('##################################################################### ####################'); disp('--------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------'); disp(' Newton Raphson Loadflow Analysis '); disp('--------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------'); disp('| Bus | V | Angle | Injection | Generation | Load |'); disp('| No | pu | Degree | MW | MVar | MW | Mvar | MW | MVar | '); for m = 1:nb disp('----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------'); fprintf('%3g', m); fprintf(' %8.4f', V(m)); fprintf(' %8.4f', Del(m)); fprintf(' %8.3f', Pi(m)); fprintf(' %8.3f', Qi(m)); fprintf(' %8.3f', Pg(m)); fprintf(' %8.3f', Qg(m)); fprintf(' %8.3f', Pl(m)); fprintf(' %8.3f', Ql(m)); fprintf('\n'); end disp('--------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------'); fprintf(' Total ');fprintf(' %8.3f', sum(Pi)); fprintf(' %8.3f', sum(Qi)); fprintf(' %8.3f', sum(Pi+Pl)); fprintf(' %8.3f', sum(Qi+Ql)); fprintf(' %8.3f', sum(Pl)); fprintf(' %8.3f', sum(Ql)); fprintf('\n'); disp('--------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------'); disp('##################################################################### ####################'); disp('--------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------'); disp(' Line FLow and Losses '); disp('--------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------'); disp('|From|To | P | Q | From| To | P | Q | Line Loss |'); disp('|Bus |Bus| MW | MVar | Bus | Bus| MW | MVar | MW | MVar |'); for m = 1:nl p = fb(m); q = tb(m); disp('----------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------'); fprintf('%4g', p); fprintf('%4g', q); fprintf(' %8.3f', full(Pij(p,q))); fprintf(' %8.3f', full(Qij(p,q))); Page | 20 fprintf(' %4g', q); fprintf('%4g', p); fprintf(' %8.3f', full(Pij(q,p))); fprintf(' %8.3f', full(Qij(q,p))); fprintf(' %8.3f', Lpij(m)); fprintf(' %8.3f', Lqij(m)); fprintf('\n'); end disp('--------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------'); fprintf(' Total Loss '); fprintf(' %8.3f', sum(Lpij)); fprintf(' %8.3f', sum(Lqij)); fprintf('\n'); disp('--------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------'); disp('##################################################################### ################'); You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.Log in or register now.
Question: The molar constant-pressure molar heat capacity of oxygen gas from 300 K to 1200 K is given by C...
Calculate molar entropy
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Substituting the temperatures in K in the given relation for molar constant pressure ,molar heat capacity of oxygen gas we get-
Cp,m = 25.72 + ( 12.98 x 10-3 K-1 ) 300 - ( 38.62 x 10-7 K-2 ) (1200)2
-------- = 24.05 K-1
Now we know that change in entropy of a gas between two temperatures is given by-
Delta S = Cp,m [ ln Tf / Ti ] : where Tf & Ti represent final &initial temperatures in Kelvin
------------ = 24.05 ln [1200/300 ]
------------ = 33.34 JK-1 You do not have permission to view the full content of this post.Log in or register now.
man = input('Enter the manufacturer: ')
model = input('Enter the model number: ')
price = float(input('Enter the retail price: '))
phone = CellPhone(man, model, price)
print('Here is the data that you have entered')
print('Manufacturer: ' + phone.get_manufact())
print('Model Number: ' + phone.get_model())
print('Retail Price: $' + '%.2f' % phone.get_retail_price())
,1); % From bus number..
